目錄
科學謀劃和加快建設世界科技強國（代序）白春禮 i
前言中國科學院“科學發(fā)展報告”課題組 vii
第一章 科學展望 1
1.1 量子信息科學發(fā)展展望郭光燦韓永建史保森 3
1.2 生命分析化學發(fā)展展望鞠熀先 15
第二章 科學前沿 35
2.1 宇宙學研究進展與趨勢黃慶國 37
2.2 量子材料中的新奇電子態(tài)——拓撲與超導研究前沿王健 43
2.3 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池研究進展與展望韓禮元楊旭東 54
2.4 室溫液態(tài)金屬可變形機器效應與現(xiàn)象的發(fā)現(xiàn)劉靜 62
2.5 二氧化碳人工生物轉化：從全天然到全人工朱華偉張延平李寅 69
2.6 T細胞療法現(xiàn)狀與展望丁曉董晨 75
2.7 納米零價鐵處理地下水和廢水研究進展張偉賢 王偉 黃瀟月等 84
2.8 拓撲給凝聚態(tài)物理帶來新氣象——2016年諾貝爾物理學獎評述施郁 93
2.9 分子機器：最小機器推動未來科技大進步——2016年諾貝爾化學獎評述強琚莉蔣偉曲大輝等 98
2.10 自我消解、對抗衰老——2016 年諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎評述韓天婷胡榮貴 104
第三章 2016年中國科研代表性成果 111
3.1 已知光度最高的超亮型超新星的發(fā)現(xiàn)東蘇勃 113
3.2 鐵基高溫超導材料中的拓撲電子態(tài)王征飛劉鋒 116
3.3 硅襯底氮化鎵基激光器孫錢馮美鑫李增成等 120
3.4 原子尺度上揭示水的核量子效應郭靜呂京濤馮頁新等 125
3.5 原子級厚度碲化錫薄膜鐵電性的發(fā)現(xiàn)季帥華陳曦張清明等 129
3.6 利用二維晶體材料組裝納米通道及其物質輸運研究進展王奉超吳恒安 132
3.7 人工合成酵母染色體元英進 135
3.8 合成氣經(jīng)費托反應直接高選擇性制備烯烴鐘良樞于飛孫予罕 139
3.9 雜化二維超薄結構優(yōu)化電還原二氧化碳性能謝毅孫永福高山 142
3.10 氣體分離研究重要進展——分子尺度調控離子雜化多孔材料實現(xiàn)乙炔和乙烯高效分離邢華斌崔希利 145
3.11 氧氣起源的新機制田善喜 149
3.12 埃博拉病毒入侵宿主細胞機制被破解施一高福 151
3.13 天然免疫應答中細胞焦亡的關鍵分子機理得到成功破解丁璟珒 154
3.14 心肌細胞程序性壞死及其在缺血性心臟損傷中的作用肖瑞平 159
3.15 MLL家族甲基轉移酶活性調控的分子機制黎彥璟陳勇 162
3.16 異種雜合二倍體胚胎干細胞的建立和應用李偉周琪 167
3.17 抗HIV等慢性病毒感染的新型CD8+T細胞亞類的發(fā)現(xiàn)葉麗林 170
3.18 水稻雜種優(yōu)勢研究取得突破進展韓斌 1 73
3.19 呼吸體蛋白原子分辨率三維結構楊茂君 176
3.20 肺上皮細胞TLR3在腫瘤肺轉移前微環(huán)境形成中的重要功能顧炎劉艷芳曹雪濤 180
3.21 寨卡病毒垂直傳播影響子代大腦發(fā)育羅振革 183
3.22 中國對全球氣候變化的貢獻評估李本綱陶澍樸世龍 187
3.23 始新世—漸新世古環(huán)境劇變中的避難所倪喜軍 191
3.24 中國生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務格局、變化及政策應用歐陽志云鄭華肖燚等 194
3.2514億年前OMZ海洋和大氣氧含量張水昌王曉梅王華建等 197
3.26 在白堊紀中期緬甸琥珀中發(fā)現(xiàn)恐龍的帶毛尾部化石邢立達 200
第四章 科技領域發(fā)展觀察 205
4.1 基礎前沿領域發(fā)展觀察黃龍光邊文越張超星等 207
4.2 人口健康與醫(yī)藥領域發(fā)展觀察王玥許麗蘇燕等 221
4.3 生物科技領域發(fā)展觀察陳方陳云偉丁陳君等 234
4.4 農業(yè)科技領域發(fā)展觀察董瑜 楊艷萍邢穎 243
4.5 環(huán)境科學領域發(fā)展觀察曲建升廖琴曾靜靜等 252
4.6 地球科學領域發(fā)展觀察張志強鄭軍衛(wèi)趙紀東等 264
4.7 海洋科學領域發(fā)展觀察高峰馮志綱王凡 274
4.8 空間科學領域發(fā)展觀察楊帆韓淋王海名等 283
4.9 信息科技領域發(fā)展觀察房俊民王立娜唐川等 289
4.10 能源科技領域發(fā)展觀察陳偉郭楷模趙黛青等 301
4.11 材料制造領域發(fā)展觀察萬勇姜山馮瑞華等 313
第五章 中國科學發(fā)展概覽 323
5.1 加速趕超引領開啟基礎研究發(fā)展新征程崔春宇李非周平等 325
5.22016年度國家自然科學基金項目申請和資助情況李志蘭謝煥瑛 331
5.3 科學熱點前沿及中國研究態(tài)勢分析——基于優(yōu)質期刊論文的科學前沿圖譜王小梅李國鵬陳挺 337
第六章 中國科學發(fā)展建議 355
6.1 關于我國科學教育標準存在的問題及建議中國科學院學部“符合國情的中國科學教育標準問題研究”咨詢課題組 357
6.2 關于發(fā)展人工智能產(chǎn)業(yè)的若干建議中國科學院學部“人工智能科技與產(chǎn)業(yè)化”學科發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究課題組 365
6.3 農村煤與生物質燃料使用對環(huán)境和健康的危害及對策建議中國科學院學部“中國農村固體燃料使用的環(huán)境健康危害及對策建議”咨詢課題組 371
6.4 關于塑料制品中限制使用有毒有害物質的建議中國科學院學部“塑料制品安全使用”咨詢課題組 375
6.5 加強和促進我國高層次科技創(chuàng)新人才隊伍建設的政策建議中國科學院學部“影響我國高層次科技人才培訓與成長相關問題的研究”咨詢項目組 380
附錄 391
附錄一 2016年中國與世界十大科技進展 393
附錄二 香山科學會議2016年學術討論會一覽表 403
附錄三 2016年中國科學院學部“科學與技術前沿論壇”一覽表 406
CONTENTS
Planning Scientifically and Speeding up the Construction of World's Scientific and Technological Powerⅰ
Introductionⅱ
Chapter 1 An Outlook on Science1
1.1 Prospect of Quantum Information Science 14
1.2 Development Prospects of Life Analytical Chemistry 32
Chapter 2 Frontiers in Sciences 35
2.1 The Current State and Future of Cosmology 42
2.2 The Novel Electronic States in Quantum Materials: The Research Frontier of Topological Materials and Superconductors 53
2.3 The Research Status and Outlook of Perovskite Solar Cells 61
2.4 Discovery on Fundamental Effects and Phenomena of Transformational Liquid Metal Machines 68
2.5 CO2 Conversion by Synthetic Biological Systems:from Natural to Unnatural 74
2.6 Adoptive T cell Transfer for Cancer Therapy 83
2.7 Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron for Treatment of Groundwater and Wastewater 92
2.8 Topology Brings New Features to Condensed Matter Physics——Commentary on 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics 97
2.9 Molecular Machines: The Smallest Machine will Promote the Big Progresses on Science and Technology 103
2.10 Autophagy and Aging——A Commentary on the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 109
Chapter 3 Representative Achievements of Chinese Scientific Research in 2016111
3.1 The Discovery of the Most Luminous Superluminous Supernova 115
3.2 Topological Electronic States in Iron based High Temperature Superconductor 119
3.3 GaN Based Laser Diode Grown on Silicon 124
3.4 Atomic Scale Assessment of Nuclear Quantum Effects of Water 128
3.5 Experimental Discovery of Robust In Plane Ferroelectricity in Atomic Thick SnTe 131
3.6 Molecular Transport Through Nano Capillaries Made with Two Dimensional Crystals 134
3.7 Synthesis of Designer Yeast Chromosomes 138
3.8 Fischer Tropsch to Olefins via Syngas with High Selectivity 141
3.9 Partially Oxidized Atomic Cobalt Layers for Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Liquid Fuel 144
3.10 Progress in Gas Separation——Molecular Control in Hybrid Porous Materials for Efficient Separation of Acetylene from Ethylene 148
3.11 New Mechanism about “Origin of Molecular Oxygen” 150
3.12 Insight into Entry Mechanism of Ebola Virus 153
3.13 Pore Forming Activity and Structural Autoinhibition of the Gasdermin Family 158
3.14 CaMKII Is a Novel RIP3 Substrate Mediating Ischemia and Oxidative Stress Induced Myocardial Necroptosis 160
3.15 Structural Basis for Activity Regulation of MLL Family Methyltransferases 166
3.16 Generation and Application of Mouse Rat Allodiploid Embryonic Stem Cells 168
3.17 Follicular CXCR5 Expressing CD8 T+ Cells Curtail Chronic Viral Infection 172
3.18 Genomic Architecture of Heterosis for Yield Ttraits in Rice 174
3.19 Atomic Structure of Respirasome 179
3.20 Tumor Exosomal RNAs Promote Lung Pre Metastatic Niche Formation by Activating Alveolar Epithelial TLR3 to Recruit Neutrophils 182
3.21 Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus Targeting the Radial Glial Cells Affects Cortex Development of Offspring Mice 186
3.22 The Contribution of China's Emissions to Global Climate Forcing 190
3.23 Refuge During the Eocene Oligocene Paleoenvironmental Change 193
3.24 Ecosystem Service Pattern，Changes and Policy Application in China 195
3.25 The OMZ Marine and Oxygen Level 1400 Million Years Ago 199
3.26 A Feathered Dinosaur Tail with Primitive Plumage Trapped in Mid Cretaceous Amber 202
Chapter 4 Observations on Development of Science and Technology 205
4.1 Observations on Development of Basic Sciences and Frontiers 220
4.2 Development Scan of Public Health Science and Technology 233
4.3 Observations on Development of Bioscience and Biotechnology 242
4.4 Focus on Progresses in Agricultural Science and Technology 251
4.5 Development Scan of Environment Science 263
4.6 Observations on Development of Earth Science 273
4.7 Development Scan of Oceanography 282
4.8 Obervations on Development of Space Science 288
4.9 Observations on Science and Development of Information Technology 300
4.10 Observations on Science and Development of Energy Science and Technology 312
4.11 Progress in Advanced Materials and Manufacturing 322
Chapter 5 A Brief of Science Development in China 323
5.1 Accelerating Catching Up with and Leading the World and Embarking on a New Journey in Boosting Basic Research in China 330
5.2 Projects Granted by National Natural Science Fund in 2016336
5.3 China's Research Trends Analysis in Scientific Fronts——Based on Science Map of Nature Index High quality Research 354
Chapter 6 Suggestions on Science Development in China 355
6.1 Problems and Countermeasures for China's Science Education Standards 364
6.2 Suggestions on the Development of China's Artificial Intelligence Industry 370
6.3 Effect of Coal and Biomass Fuel Use in Rural China on Environment and Human Health and Corresponding Countermeasures and Suggestions 373
6.4 Suggestions on Limiting Use of Poisonous and Harmful Substance in Plastic Products 379
6.5 Policy Suggestions on the Cultivation of innovative Science and Technology Talents in China 390
Appendix 391
1.2016's Top 10 S&T Advances in China and World 393
2.Overview of Xiangshan Science Conference Academinc Meetings in 2016 403
3.List of Fora on Frontiers of Science & Technology by Academic
Divisions of CAS in 2016 406