《都柏林人》是詹姆斯#喬伊斯久負(fù)盛名的短篇小說(shuō)集，稱得上20世紀(jì)整個(gè)西方最著名的短篇小說(shuō)集了。1914年出版，置景于二三十年代的都柏林，截取中下層人民生活的橫斷面，一個(gè)片刻一群人，十五個(gè)故事匯集起來(lái)，宛若一幅印象主義的繪畫(huà)，筆觸簡(jiǎn)練，錯(cuò)落成篇，浮現(xiàn)出蒼涼世態(tài)，遙遠(yuǎn)、清冷，然而精致。這15篇故事，以寫(xiě)實(shí)和諷刺的表現(xiàn)手法描繪了二十世紀(jì)初期都柏林中下階層的生活，癱瘓和死亡貫穿全書(shū)。
詹姆斯·喬伊斯對(duì)體制化的宗教和陳腐的道德都毫無(wú)敬意，因此他選擇了背井離鄉(xiāng)的生活。這本《都柏林人》匯集了他的短篇杰作，作品沖破了語(yǔ)言和文化上的隔閡，令人刻骨銘心。書(shū)中描摹世態(tài)的高超技法，隱而不露的嘲諷以及瞬間爆發(fā)的力量，對(duì)于渴望成為作家的人來(lái)說(shuō)，尤為引人注目。其中人物形形色色，有逃學(xué)的男孩、死了親人的老處女、思春的少女、狡詐的流浪漢等等。
《都柏林人》為英文版。
清代學(xué)者王鳴盛有言， “凡讀書(shū)最切要者，目錄之學(xué)，目錄明，方可讀書(shū)；不明，終是亂讀�！贝髮W(xué)自誕生之日起就與經(jīng)典閱讀相關(guān)，故而書(shū)目之于大學(xué)實(shí)不可或缺，不同學(xué)校、不同專業(yè)，所需書(shū)目也不盡相同。
西方大學(xué)一詞源于拉丁文universitas，是指教師與學(xué)生自發(fā)的聯(lián)合體，這個(gè)聯(lián)合體自發(fā)地從四面八方聚集在一起談經(jīng)論道，催生了歐洲中世紀(jì)大學(xué)，意大利的波羅尼亞大學(xué)、法國(guó)的巴黎大學(xué)，英國(guó)的牛津大學(xué)也莫不如此�，F(xiàn)代大學(xué)一直秉承經(jīng)典閱讀的傳統(tǒng)，19世紀(jì)英國(guó)教育家約翰·紐曼（Iohn H．Newman，1801—1 890）針對(duì)為適應(yīng)工業(yè)革命的新大學(xué)產(chǎn)生的功利主義傾向而提出自己的大學(xué)理想，他認(rèn)為：大學(xué)教育的目的是發(fā)展人的理智，大學(xué)的真正使命是“培養(yǎng)良好的社會(huì)公民”并隨之帶來(lái)社會(huì)的和諧發(fā)展。要實(shí)現(xiàn)大學(xué)的理想，教師率先垂范，與學(xué)生和諧相處，教育當(dāng)以人文主義為旗幟，還要學(xué)生閱讀經(jīng)典，通過(guò)閱讀來(lái)修身。20世紀(jì)，美國(guó)芝加哥大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)赫欽斯（Robert M．Hutchins，1899—1977）秉承紐曼的自由教育思想，捍衛(wèi)學(xué)術(shù)自由，對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)盛行的美國(guó)實(shí)用主義提出批評(píng)，反對(duì)大學(xué)過(guò)分專業(yè)化，強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生的心智訓(xùn)練，引進(jìn)名著學(xué)習(xí)與閱讀，并催生芝加哥大學(xué)本科生必讀的書(shū)目（54本）。迄今為止，美國(guó)的中學(xué)、大學(xué)大多給學(xué)生提供必讀書(shū)目；我國(guó)越來(lái)越多的高校也開(kāi)始制訂各種各樣的閱讀書(shū)目，如清華大學(xué)通識(shí)教育書(shū)單，港澳臺(tái)的大學(xué)也有自己的閱讀書(shū)目。
我國(guó)外語(yǔ)專業(yè)類書(shū)目始于民國(guó)時(shí)期。當(dāng)時(shí)吳宓先生擔(dān)任清華大學(xué)外文系系主任，提出以“培養(yǎng)博雅之士”為目標(biāo)的教學(xué)模式。其辦學(xué)總則第一條就指明課程編制之目的是使學(xué)生“成為博雅之士，了解西洋文明之精神；熟讀西方文學(xué)之名著，諳悉西方思想之潮流，因而在國(guó)內(nèi)教授英、德、法各國(guó)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)，足以勝任愉快；創(chuàng)造今世之中國(guó)文學(xué)；匯通東西之精神思想，而互為介紹傳布。”而達(dá)此目標(biāo)最主要的途徑就是“讓學(xué)生閱讀成為德才兼?zhèn)渲吮刈x的一些好書(shū)①”�；谶@樣的辦學(xué)原則和理念，吳宓先生在《文學(xué)與人生》課程里開(kāi)出了共152本書(shū)的書(shū)單，其中中文77本，外文75本（主要是英文著作，也有法文原著和其他語(yǔ)種作品的英文譯著）。因?yàn)檫@門(mén)課程是為在校所有專業(yè)學(xué)生開(kāi)設(shè)的，故所開(kāi)書(shū)目并不是完全意義上的外語(yǔ)專業(yè)書(shū)單，但較為系統(tǒng)地列出英文書(shū)目尚屬首次。該書(shū)目對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的人才培養(yǎng)起到了積極作用。
2000年高等學(xué)校外語(yǔ)專業(yè)教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)英語(yǔ)組頒布的《高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》附有英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生閱讀參考書(shū)目，共列118本，其中英國(guó)文學(xué)49本，美國(guó)文學(xué)41本，加拿大文學(xué)7本，澳大利亞文學(xué)9本，中國(guó)文化12本。前四個(gè)國(guó)
詹姆斯·喬伊斯（James Joyce,1882-1941），愛(ài)爾蘭作家、詩(shī)人，二十世紀(jì)*偉大的作家之一，后現(xiàn)代文學(xué)的奠基者之一，其作品及“意識(shí)流”思想對(duì)世界文壇影響巨大。代表作品《尤利西斯》《芬尼根的守靈夜》《一個(gè)青年藝術(shù)家的畫(huà)像》。
The Sisters
An Encounter
Araby
Eveline
After the Race
Two Gallants
The Boarding House
A Little Cloud
Counterparts
Clay
A Painful Case
Ivy Day in the Committee Room
A Mother
Grace
The Dead
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It was Joe Dillon who introduced the Wild West to us. He hada little library made up of old numbers of The Union Jack, Pluckand The Halfpenny Marvel. Every evening after school we met inhis back garden and arranged Indian battles. He and his fat youngbrother Leo, the idler, held the loft of the stable while we tried tocarry it by storm; or we fought a pitched battle on the grass. But,however well we fought, we never won siege or battle and all ourbouts ended with Joe Dillon‘s war dance of victory. His parentswent to eight-o’clock mass every morning in Gardiner Street andthe peaceful odour of Mrs Dillon was prevalent in the hall of the house. But he played too fiercely for us who were younger and more timid. He looked like some kind of an Indian when he capered round the garden, an old tea-cosy on his head, beating a tin with his fist and yelling:
“Ya! yaka, yaka, yaka!”
Everyone was incredulous when it was reported that he had a vocation for the priesthood. Nevertheless it was true.
A spirit of unruliness diffused itself among us and, under its influence, differences of culture and constitution were waived. We banded ourselves together, some boldly, some in jest and some almost in fear: and of the number of these latter, the reluctant Indians who were afraid to seem studious or lacking in robustness,I was one. The adventures related in the literature of the Wild West were remote from my nature but, at least, they opened doors of escape. I liked better some American detective stories which were traversed from time to time by unkempt fierce and beautiful girls.Though there was nothing wrong in these stories and though their intention was sometimes literary, they were circulated secretly at school. One day when Father Butler was hearing the four pages of Roman History, clumsy Leo Dillon was discovered with a copy of The Halfpenny Marvel.
“This page or this page? This page? Now, Dillon, up. ‘Hardly had the day’... Go on! What day? ‘Hardly had the day dawned’... Have you studied it? What have you there in your pocket?”
Everyone‘s heart palpitated as Leo Dillon handed up the paper and everyone assumed an innocent face. Father Butler turned over the pages, frowning.
“What is this rubbish?” he said. “The Apache Chief. Is this what you read instead of studying your Roman History? Let me not lind any more of this wretched stuff in this college~. The man who wrote it, I suppose, was some wretched fellow who writes these things for a drink. I’m surprised at boys like you, educated, reading such stuff! I could understand it if you were... National School boys. Now, Dillon, I advise you strongly, get at your work or...”
This rebuke during the sober hours of school paled much of the glory of the Wild West for me, and the confused puffy face of Leo Dillon awakened one of my consciences.
……
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