This book primarily focuses on the authors research and practical achievements in the field of photonic integrated phased arrays in recent years. Firstly, a comprehensive introduction on the concept, operation principles, and research progress of photonic integrated phased arrays is introduced. Then, detailed explanations of the optical antenna and array design in photonic integrated phased arrays are given. Combined with design cases of siliconbased optical phased arrays with different scales, the design methods for achieving low sidelobes are deeply researched, and the test principle and design of photonic integrated phased arrays are elaborated. Finally, the design, implementation, and test of photonic integrated phased arrays are illustrated through a detailed case study on the development of a siliconbased optical phased array chip and verify its shortdistance space optical communication based on the chip.
This book is dedicated to integrating the theory, design, processing, and test cases of photonic integrated phased arrays, and it provides a valuable reference for researchers and designers in the field of optical phased array technology.
本書首先介紹了光子集成相控陣的概念、工作原理和國內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)展，進(jìn)而對(duì)光子集成相控陣中光天線單元和陣列設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹，結(jié)合不同規(guī)模的硅基光相控陣設(shè)計(jì)案例，深入探討了實(shí)現(xiàn)低副瓣的設(shè)計(jì)方法，闡述了光子集成相控陣的測試原理和測試設(shè)計(jì)，最后通過硅基光相控陣芯片研發(fā)案例詳細(xì)說明光子集成相控陣的設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)現(xiàn)與測試，并進(jìn)行基于硅基光相控陣芯片的短距離空間光通信驗(yàn)證。
本書致力于將理論研究、設(shè)計(jì)加工和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證相融合，希望能夠?yàn)楣庀嗫仃嚰夹g(shù)領(lǐng)域的研究和設(shè)計(jì)者提供參考。
Contents
1 Introduction ................................................... 1
1.1 Concept and Defnition of Optical Phased Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Composition of Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.1 OpticalCoupler ...................................... 3
1.2.2 OpticalPower Distribution Networks ................... 5
1.2.3 OpticalPhaseShifters ................................ 6
1.2.4 OpticalAntennaArrays ............................... 12
1.2.5 ControlCircuit ...................................... 14
1.3 BeamSteering Principles of Optical Phased Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.4 Relationship Between Optical Phased Arrays and Microwave PhasedArrays ............................................. 17
1.5 MainParameters ofOpticalPhasedArrays ..................... 18
1.5.1 Port Characteristics of Optical Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.5.2 Radiation Characteristics of Optical Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.6 ApplicationFields ofOpticalPhasedArrays .................... 23
1.7 Research Progress of Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays . . . . . . . . . 25
1.7.1 OneDimensional Optical Phased Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.7.2 TwoDimensional Optical Phased Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.7.3 Development Trends of Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays .............................................. 32 References ..................................................... 34
2 Design of Optical Antennas and Arrays .......................... 37
2.1 SiliconBasedGratingNanoantennas .......................... 37
2.1.1 Design of SiliconBased Curved Grating NanoantennasandArrays ............................. 37
2.1.2 Design of Miniaturized SiliconBased Straight GratingNanoantennasandArrays ...................... 46
2.1.3 Design of Antennas for Suppressing Bidirectional Radiation ........................................... 54
2.2 PlasmonicNanoantennas .................................... 59
2.2.1 DesignofPlasmonicNanoantennas ..................... 61
2.2.2 Design of Plasmonic Nanoantenna Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.3 SiliconBasedHornNanoantennas ............................ 69
2.3.1 Design of SiliconBased HPlane Sectoral Horn Nanoantennas ....................................... 69
2.3.2 Design of SiliconBased Pyramidal Horn Nanoantennas ....................................... 71
2.3.3 Design of Miniaturized SiliconBased Horn Nanoantennas ....................................... 73 References ..................................................... 77
3 LowSidelobe Design of Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays ........ 79
3.1 Design Methods of LowSidelobe Optical Phased Arrays . . . . . . . . . 79
3.1.1 DesignMethodsofUniformArrays ..................... 80
3.1.2 DesignMethodsofNonuniformArrays ................. 83
3.2 Design Cases of LowSidelobe Optical Phased Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3.2.1 LowSidelobeDesignofUniformArrays ................ 86 3.2.2 LowSidelobe Design of Nonuniform Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 References ..................................................... 112
4 Test of Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays ....................... 115
4.1 Test for Key Components in Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays .................................................... 115
4.1.1 Radiation Characteristics Test of Optical Antennas . . . . . . . . 115
4.1.2 Phase Shifting Characteristic Test of Optical Phased Shifters ............................................. 119
4.2 Test for Photonic Integrated Phased Array Chips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
4.2.1 TestPerformance .................................... 126
4.2.2 TestMethod ......................................... 127
4.2.3 TestSystem ......................................... 129 5 Design of Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays ..................... 135
5.1 1 32 SiliconBased Optical Phased Arrays Based on EndFace Coupling ...................................... 135
5.1.1 DesignScheme ...................................... 135
5.1.2 Radiation Characteristic Test .......................... 139
5.1.3 Comparison Between Simulation and Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
5.2 1 64 SiliconBased Optical Phased Arrays Based on VerticalCoupling ........................................ 142
5.2.1 DesignScheme ...................................... 142
5.2.2 Radiation Characteristic Test .......................... 144
5.2.3 Comparison Between Simulation and Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
5.3 Packaged 1 128 SiliconBased Optical Phased Arrays Based on VerticalCoupling .................................. 148
5.3.1 DesignScheme ...................................... 148
5.3.2 Radiation Characteristic Test .......................... 150
5.3.3 Comparison Between Simulation and Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
5.4 Demonstration and Verifcation of Communication Based onSiliconBasedOpticalPhasedArrays ....................... 153
5.4.1 Demonstration Test of Beam Steering and Switching . . . . . . 155
5.4.2 Demonstration Test of Free Space Optical Communication ...................................... 157
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