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《梨優(yōu)質(zhì)豐產(chǎn)栽培實用技術(shù)》對梨生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢、梨優(yōu)良品種的特性與品種選擇、梨育苗技術(shù)、梨園建園技術(shù)、整形修剪技術(shù)、土肥水管理技術(shù)、花果管理、病蟲害防治技術(shù)等內(nèi)容進行了詳細的介紹，以便使梨的種植及管理人員、相關(guān)技術(shù)服務(wù)人員能夠全面、詳盡地掌握梨優(yōu)質(zhì)豐產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)代栽培技術(shù)。本書結(jié)合筆者多年生產(chǎn)一線的實踐經(jīng)驗，根據(jù)梨栽培管理中的實際需求，力求介紹生產(chǎn)中最實用的先進技術(shù)，介紹生產(chǎn)新動向，以服務(wù)于現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)大背景下的梨產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展需求，使內(nèi)容貼近實際，解決果農(nóng)在生產(chǎn)中遇到的實際問題。

The economic performance of a pear orchard is directly affected by the level of cultivation and management techniques. In the context of modern agriculture, in order to meet the market demand and create more economic benefits, the cultivation and management of fruit trees can no longer focus on the yield of fruit only, but also on the quality, thus requiring modern and advanced cultivation and management techniques. Meanwhile, with the construction of a modern agricultural industry system in China, more and more people are joining the ranks of modern agricultural operation and management. In particular, many new large-scale agricultural parks and pear orchards are developing vigorously, and the cultivation and management of high-quality, high-efficiency, and high-yielding pear are becoming the key techniques that practitioners must know.
This book introduces in detail the present situation and development trend of pear production, characteristics and selection of superior cultivars, nursery techniques, orchard construction techniques, trimming and pruning techniques, soil, fertilizer and water management techniques, flower and fruit management techniques, pest control techniques, etc., in order to enable pear planting and management personnel and related technical service personnel to master comprehensive and detailed modern cultivation techniques of high-quality and high-yielding pear.
This book, based on the authors years of practical experience in production and the actual needs in pear cultivation and management, aims to introduce the most practical advanced techniques and new trends in production, serve the development needs of the pear industry in the context of modern agriculture, and solve the practical problems encountered by fruit farmers in production.
I have referred to the research results of some experts and scholars, as well as related books and journals. I would like to express our sincere thanks here. Due to my limited level of knowledge and the shortage of time, this book may contain errors or omissions. Any suggestions from readers will be greatly appreciated.
The Editor
March 2025

Contents
Chapter 1 General ……………………………………………………………… 1
Section 1 Economic Significance of Pear Cultivation ………………………… 1
Section 2 History and Current Situation of Pear Cultivation ………………… 1
Section 3 Problems and Developing Trends in Pear Production ……………… 2
Chapter 2 Superior Cultivars ………………………………………………… 5
Section 1 Classification of Pears Cultivated in China ………………………… 5
Section 2 Superior Cultivars ………………………………………………… 6
Section 3 Cultivar Selection ………………………………………………… 25
Chapter 3 Growth and Fruiting Habits …………………………………… 27
Section 1 Characteristics of Roots ………………………………………… 27
Section 2 Characteristics of Buds, Branches, and Leaves ………………… 34
Section 3 Flower Bud Diff erentiation ……………………………………… 44
Section 4 Flowering and Fruiting ………………………………………… 46
Section 5 Development of Fruits …………………………………………… 48
Section 6 Requirements for Environmental Conditions …………………… 49
Chapter 4 Nursery Techniques …………………………………………… 53
Section 1 Types and Selection of Rootstock ……………………………… 53
Section 2 Nursery Techniques …………………………………………… 56
Section 3 Breeding of Dwarfing and Virus-free Seedlings ………………… 69
Section 4 Top Grafting for Growing Superior Cultivars …………………… 70
Chapter 5 Orchard Construction Techniques …………………………… 73
Section 1 Selections of Orchard Land ……………………………………… 73
Section 2 Orchard Planning and Setting …………………………………… 77
Section 3 Planting of Pear ………………………………………………… 84
Chapter 6 Nutrient, Soil, Fertilizer, and Water Management Techniques
for Pear Trees ………………………………………………… 89
Section 1 Nutrient Elements for Pear Trees ………………………………… 89
Section 2 Soil Management Techniques for Pear Orchard ………………… 95
Section 3 Fertilizer Requirement Characteristics of Pear Trees and
Scientific Fertilization …………………………………………… 121
Section 4 Irrigation and Drainage ………………………………………… 147
Chapter 7 Trimming and Pruning of Pear Trees ………………………… 152
Section 1 The Principle and Function of Trimming and Pruning of
Pear Trees ………………………………………………………… 152
Section 2 The Basis, Time, and Method of Trimming and Pruning for
Pear Trees ………………………………………………………… 158
Section 3 Trimming Characteristics of Pear Trees and Requirement for
High-yield Tree Shapes ………………………………………… 169
Section 4 Main Tree Shapes of Pear Trees ………………………………… 173
Section 5 Method of Pruning ……………………………………………… 180
Section 6 Innovation of Trimming and Pruning Technology for Pear Trees … 184
Chapter 8 Flower and Fruit Management ………………………………… 188
Section 1 Pollination Promotion and Fruit Setting Rate Improvement …… 188
Section 2 Frost Prevention during Anthesis ………………………………… 190
Section 3 Blossom and Fruit Thinning …………………………………… 191
Section 4 Fruit Bagging …………………………………………………… 194
Section 5 Harvesting, Packaging, and Transport of Fruits ………………… 196
Chapter 9 Top Grafting for Growing Superior Cultivars ………………… 200
Section 1 Top Grafting Period ……………………………………………… 200
Section 2 Treatment of Top Grafting Trees ………………………………… 200
Section 3 Grafting ………………………………………………………… 201
Section 4 Post-grafting Management ……………………………………… 201
Chapter 10 Integrated Control Technology for Diseases and Pests
on Pear Trees ………………………………………………… 203
Section 1 Occurrence and Infection of Diseases on Fruit Trees …………… 203
Section 2 Identification and Retrieval of Fruit Tree Diseases ……………… 214
Section 3 Identification of Fruit Tree Pests ………………………………… 226
Section 4 Scientific Control Technology for Diseases and Pests
on Fruit Trees …………………………………………………… 230
Section 5 Pear Diseases and Control ……………………………………… 256
Section 6 Pear Pests and Control …………………………………………… 274
Section 7 Physiological Diseases of Pear Trees …………………………… 315
Appendixes …………………………………………………………………… 325
References …………………………………………………………………… 352

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